The cheese segment is estimated to account for the largest share of the global dairy enzymes market in 2017. Various microbes such as Aspergillus oryzae, Irpex, and Rhizomucor pusillus are extensively used for rennet production during the cheese making process. Most cheese producers expedite the curdling process with rennet, lactic acid, or plant-based enzymes from wild artichokes, fig leaves, safflowers, or melons. Other than plants and microbes, enzymes are also extracted from young ruminants.
Based on type, the microbial rennet segment is projected to grow at the highest CAGR from 2017 to 2022. Microbial rennet is considered vegetarian-friendly as the enzyme produced by the microorganism is not derived from animals. Moreover, microbial rennet is less expensive than animal rennet. These are the major factors driving the growth of the microbial rennet segment, worldwide.
The global Dairy Enzymes market was valued at xx million US$ in 2018 and will reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of 7.6% during 2019-2025.
This report focuses on Dairy Enzymes volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Dairy Enzymes market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect.
Regionally, this report categorizes the production, apparent consumption, export and import of Dairy Enzymes in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.
For each manufacturer covered, this report analyzes their Dairy Enzymes manufacturing sites, capacity, production, ex-factory price, revenue and market share in global market.
The following manufacturers are covered:
CHR. Hansen
Dowdupont
DSM
Kerry Group
Novozymes
Advanced Enzymes Technologies
Amano Enzyme
Connell Bros.
Biocatalysts
SternEnzym
Enmex
Fytozimus Biotech
Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
Segment by Type
Lactase
Chymosin
Microbial rennet
Lipase
Others (proteases and catalases)
Segment by Application
Milk
Cheese
Ice cream & desserts
Yogurt
Whey
Infant formula
Others (butter and edible cream products)
Interested in this report?
Get your sample now!
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Dairy Enzymes
1.1 Definition of Dairy Enzymes
1.2 Dairy Enzymes Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Lactase
1.2.3 Chymosin
1.2.4 Microbial rennet
1.2.5 Lipase
1.2.6 Others (proteases and catalases)
1.3 Dairy Enzymes Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Dairy Enzymes Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Milk
1.3.3 Cheese
1.3.4 Ice cream & desserts
1.3.5 Yogurt
1.3.6 Whey
1.3.7 Infant formula
1.3.8 Others (butter and edible cream products)
1.4 Global Dairy Enzymes Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Dairy Enzymes Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Dairy Enzymes Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Dairy Enzymes Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Dairy Enzymes Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Dairy Enzymes Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Dairy Enzymes Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Dairy Enzymes Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Dairy Enzymes
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Dairy Enzymes
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Dairy Enzymes
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Dairy Enzymes
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Dairy Enzymes Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Dairy Enzymes
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Dairy Enzymes Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Dairy Enzymes Revenue Analysis
4.3 Dairy Enzymes Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Dairy Enzymes Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Dairy Enzymes Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Dairy Enzymes Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Dairy Enzymes Revenue by Regions
5.2 Dairy Enzymes Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Dairy Enzymes Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Dairy Enzymes Production
5.3.2 North America Dairy Enzymes Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Dairy Enzymes Import and Export
5.4 Europe Dairy Enzymes Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Dairy Enzymes Production
5.4.2 Europe Dairy Enzymes Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Dairy Enzymes Import and Export
5.5 China Dairy Enzymes Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Dairy Enzymes Production
5.5.2 China Dairy Enzymes Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Dairy Enzymes Import and Export
5.6 Japan Dairy Enzymes Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Dairy Enzymes Production
5.6.2 Japan Dairy Enzymes Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Dairy Enzymes Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Import and Export
5.8 India Dairy Enzymes Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Dairy Enzymes Production
5.8.2 India Dairy Enzymes Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Dairy Enzymes Import and Export
6 Dairy Enzymes Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Dairy Enzymes Production by Type
6.2 Global Dairy Enzymes Revenue by Type
6.3 Dairy Enzymes Price by Type
7 Dairy Enzymes Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Dairy Enzymes Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Dairy Enzymes Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Dairy Enzymes Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 CHR. Hansen
8.1.1 CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 CHR. Hansen Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Dowdupont
8.2.1 Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Dowdupont Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 DSM
8.3.1 DSM Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 DSM Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 DSM Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Kerry Group
8.4.1 Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Kerry Group Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Novozymes
8.5.1 Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Novozymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Advanced Enzymes Technologies
8.6.1 Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Advanced Enzymes Technologies Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Amano Enzyme
8.7.1 Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Amano Enzyme Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Connell Bros.
8.8.1 Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Connell Bros. Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 Biocatalysts
8.9.1 Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 Biocatalysts Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 SternEnzym
8.10.1 SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 SternEnzym Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 Enmex
8.12 Fytozimus Biotech
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Dairy Enzymes Market
9.1 Global Dairy Enzymes Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Dairy Enzymes Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Dairy Enzymes Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Dairy Enzymes Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Dairy Enzymes Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Dairy Enzymes Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Dairy Enzymes Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Dairy Enzymes Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Dairy Enzymes Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Dairy Enzymes Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Dairy Enzymes Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Dairy Enzymes
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Lactase Product Picture
Figure Chymosin Product Picture
Figure Microbial rennet Product Picture
Figure Lipase Product Picture
Figure Others (proteases and catalases) Product Picture
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Consumption (K MT) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Milk
Figure Cheese
Figure Ice cream & desserts
Figure Yogurt
Figure Whey
Figure Infant formula
Figure Others (butter and edible cream products)
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Dairy Enzymes Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Dairy Enzymes Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Dairy Enzymes Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Dairy Enzymes Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Dairy Enzymes Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Dairy Enzymes Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Dairy Enzymes in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Dairy Enzymes
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Dairy Enzymes
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Dairy Enzymes Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Dairy Enzymes Capacity (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Dairy Enzymes Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Dairy Enzymes Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Dairy Enzymes Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Dairy Enzymes Average Price (USD/MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Dairy Enzymes Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure North America Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Dairy Enzymes Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Europe Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Europe Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Dairy Enzymes Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure China Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure China Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Dairy Enzymes Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Japan Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Japan Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Dairy Enzymes Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure India Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure India Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Dairy Enzymes Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Global Consumption Dairy Enzymes Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Dairy Enzymes Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table CHR. Hansen Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Dowdupont Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table DSM Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table DSM Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table DSM Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table DSM Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table DSM Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure DSM Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table DSM Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Kerry Group Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Novozymes Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Advanced Enzymes Technologies Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Amano Enzyme Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Connell Bros. Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Biocatalysts Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table SternEnzym Dairy Enzymes Main Business and Markets Served
Table Enmex Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Table Fytozimus Biotech Dairy Enzymes Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Dairy Enzymes Sales Price (USD/MT) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure North America Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Europe Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure China Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Japan Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Dairy Enzymes Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure India Dairy Enzymes Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K MT) of Dairy Enzymes by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K MT) of Dairy Enzymes by Application (2019-2025)
Table Dairy Enzymes Distributors List
Table Dairy Enzymes Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources